A paper written by Naqvi1 et al., 2014 explained the proliferative burst during preadolescence establishes the final cardiomyocyte number. They showed a 1.4-fold increase in mice CPN (cardiomyocytes population number) during the preadolescent period, which occurs as a discrete proliferative burst on P15 (postnatal day 15) initiated by a surge in thyroid hormone (T3). Free T3 increased slightly for girls from age 12 to 14 years; however, researchers observed a more marked mean increase among boys. Free T3 decreased from age 14 to 16 years for girls and for boys2. Low T3 syndrome was a strong predictor of poor prognosis in adult patients with acute myocarditis3. These findings suggest that T3 level could serve as a biomarker for risk stratification in acute myocarditis patients. In another study, it was stated that during puberty, significant changes occur which affect both cardiac size and function and are reflected in screening tests such as echocardiography and the ECG4.
Remedies for Myocarditis and Pericarditis
Danz5 et al. studied the myocarditis, pericarditis, and myopericarditis after COVID vaccine, suggesting the underreporting of vaccine adverse event. Additionally, pericarditis may be more common than myocarditis among older patients. The researchers discussed that some COVID vaccines are associated with myocarditis, including mRNA vaccines, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported a possible association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and myocarditis, primarily in younger male individuals within a few days after the second vaccination, at an incidence of about 4.8 cases per 1 million. Danz & team result showed a similar pattern although at higher incidence.
Myocarditis is one of the side effects of COVID vaccines in adolescence. Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. Some remedies and supplements6 that may prevent or help treat myocarditis are Carnitine or L-carnitin, Vitamin C, Ginger (may combine it with ginkgo and astragalus), immune-boosting anti-inflammatory diet, level the amount of potassium, practice hygiene, avoid intense exercise.
Pericarditis is also one of the side effects of COVID vaccines in adolescence. Pericarditis is swelling and inflammation of the pericardium, a sac surrounding your heart. It can be sudden or long term. The most common form is acute (sudden) pericarditis. Mild cases may get better on their own, while more severe cases may need medication and hospitalization. Nutrition and supplements7 for pericarditis are Coenzyme Q10 (C0Q10), Vitamin E and vitamin C, Magnesium, Bromelain, and Fish oil.
Bromelain and Its Role in Diseases
Studies have demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐protein has high homology among other coronaviruses (76% identity with SARS‐CoV) with conserved cysteine amino acids. This indicates that bromelain may be used as a broad antiviral agent against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other related family members. Sagar8 et al. reported that bromelain inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 infection via targeting ACE‐2, TMPRSS2, and Spike protein.
Personal experience after the 1st dose of Sinovac COVID vaccine in 12 years old healthy teen (girl), heart rate was 118 beats/min. Two hours after the inoculation, took fresh pineapple stem, lower the heart rate to 108 beats/min. After few hours, took ginger mix tea (ginger, lemongrass, and Kaempferia galanga), heart rate was 86 beats/min. No heart rate rise afterwards.
Bromelain is a cysteine protease isolated from pineapple stem and is used as a dietary supplement for treating patients with pain, inflammation, thrombosis, and cancer. It is known to possess anti-inflammatory activity and has been shown to reduce blood viscosity, prevent the aggregation of blood platelets, and improve ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a skeletal muscle model9. Juhasz et al. investigated the capacity of bromelain to limit myocardial injury in a global I/R model. They demonstrated for the first time that bromelain triggers a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival and growth in the heart, revealing a novel mechanism of cardioprotective action and a potential therapeutic target against I/R injury. Bromelain has been effective in the treatment of CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) as it is an inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation, thus minimizing the risk of arterial thrombosis and embolism10. Its supplement could reduce any of risk factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease11.
For COVID vaccines myocarditis and pericarditis prevention, T3 level in adolescence and gender are likely needed to be noticed. Some remedies and supplements are needed and the heart rate count can be an early help for parents to monitor.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.035
https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20200115/adolescentspecific-thyroid-reference-ranges-may-avoid-misdiagnosis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7984427/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7403711/
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2782900
https://community.bulksupplements.com/myocarditis/
https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/medicine/33/000126.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7811777/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5659789_Bromelain_induces_cardioprotection_against_ischemia-reperfusion_injury_through_AktFOXO_pathway_in_rat_myocardium
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01923166
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2012/976203/