There are many proteins in SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccines. The virus and the vaccines didn’t come out without victims. In some cases, deaths and permanent physical disabilities are for real. Why those proteins can cause so severe and deadly disease in some group? Perhaps some points below may bring the part of the answers.
Nucleotide Deletion in the OFR8 of SARS-CoV-2
A SARS-CoV-2 variant with a 382-nucleotide deletion (Δ382) was detected in a cluster of cases in Singapore that occurred in January and February, 2020. The deletion truncates open reading frame (ORF) 7b and removes the ORF8 transcription-regulatory sequence, eliminating ORF8 transcription1. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent for patients in this group.
ORF6 of SARS-CoV-2 & Blocking IFN Signaling
SARS-CoV-2 infection strongly inhibits type I and type II IFN signaling. The ORF6-mediated suppression of IFN signaling in infected tissues is likely to promote viral replication and to play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-192.
ORF3a and ORF6 in Viral Pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2 with deletions of ORF3a, −6, −7a, −7b, and −8 proteins produced smaller plaques than those of the wild type3. But, growth kinetics of deletions of ORF viruses were like those of wild type. Deletions of ORF7a, ORF7b, and ORF8 rSARS-CoV-2s (recombinant) induced pathology comparable to that of wild type. ORF3a and ORF6 are the major contributors of viral pathogenesis.
SARS-CoV-2 N Proteins and Parkinson’s
ACS Chemical Neuroscience in December 14th 2021 News Release4, reported that SARS-CoV-2 protein interacts with Parkinson’s protein, promotes amyloid formation. In the test tube, the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein interacts with a neuronal protein called α-synuclein and speeds the formation of amyloid fibrils, pathological protein bundles that have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease.
Semerdzhiev5 et al. investigated the effect of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on α-synuclein aggregation. “We show, in test tube experiments, that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) has no effect on α-synuclein aggregation, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) considerably speeds up the aggregation process. We observe the formation of multiprotein complexes and eventually amyloid fibrils. Microinjection of N-protein in SH-SY5Y cells disturbed the α-synuclein proteostasis and increased cell death. Our results point toward direct interactions between the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and α-synuclein as molecular basis for the observed correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infections and Parkinsonism.”
Toxin-like Peptides from Plasma, Urine, and Faecal Samples of COVID-19 Patients
Brogna C, Cristoni S, Petrillo M et al. reported the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization–Cloud Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry6. The presence of toxin-like peptides could potentially be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their presence suggests a possible association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals. The team saw that toxin-like peptides, conotoxins, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins, were identified in samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control samples. The presence of (oligo-)peptides characterised as toxic components of animal venoms were observed in plasma, urine, and faecal samples of COVID-19 patients.
The presence of conotoxin peptides might explain the Guillain-Barre syndrome observed in some COVID-19 patients and vaccine receivers. Phospholipases A2 may act as neurotoxic proteins. Metalloproteinases present in animal venoms, may cause hemorrhages.
https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)31757-8/fulltext
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.00402-21
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2021/december/sars-cov-2-protein-interacts-with-parkinsons-protein-promotes-amyloid-formation.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353118082_Toxin-like_peptides_in_plasma_urine_and_faecal_samples_from_COVID-19_patients